Physical Geography

Complete Physical Geography: Geography Optional Notes for UPSC

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Geomorphology

L-1 : Universe and Solar system Planets

L-2 : Theories of Origin Of The Earth

L-3 : Latitude And Longitude | Standard Time Zone

L-4 : Geological Time Scale

L-5 : Interior Of The Earth | Core, Mantle And Crust

L-6 : Geomagnetism & Geomagnetic Reversal

L-7 : Earthquake Causes And Effects

L-8 : Seismic Waves And Earth’s Interior

L-9 : Geosyncline Theory

L-10 : Continental Drift Theory

L-11 : Isostasy & Theories of Isostasy

L-12 : Seafloor Spreading Theory

L-13 : Plate Tectonics Theory

L-14 : Theories of Mountain Building

L-15 : Recent Views on Mountain Building

L-16 : Geomorphic Processes: Endogenic And Exogenic

L-17 : Endogenic Forces: Epeirogenic And Orogenic

L-18 : Exogenic Forces: Denudation & Weathering

L-19 : Tsunami And Its Causes & Tsunami Warning Systems

L-20 : Volcanism And Volcanic Landforms

L-21 : Slope elements and Slope development

L-22 : Denudation Chronology

L-23 : Geomorphic Cycles & Davis Cycle of Erosion

L-24 : Penck Model of Cycle of Erosion

L-25 : L.C. King Model of Slope Development

L-26 : Alan Wood’s & Strahler’s View on Slope Development

L-27 : Erosional Surfaces: Peneplains, Pediplains, Panplains

L-28 : Channel Morphology

L-29 : Fluvial Landforms

L-30 : Marine Landforms

L-31 : Karst Landforms

L-32 : Glacial Landforms

L-33 : Periglacial Landforms

L-34 : Desert Landforms (Arid)

L-35 : Applied Geomorphology

Climatology

L-1 : Origin of Atmosphere

L-2 : Composition And Structure Of The Atmosphere

L-3 : Temperature Belts Of Earth

L-4 : Temperature Inversion: Types & Effects On Weather

L-5 : Heat Budget Of Earth

L-6 : Pressure Belts Of The Earth

L-7 : Wind And Wind Types

L-8 : Evaporation And Condensation (Coming soon)

L-9 : Clouds And Its Types

L-10 : Precipitation: Types Of Precipitation & Types Of Rainfall

L-11 : Tropical Cyclones & Tornado

L-12 : Air mass

L-13 : Fronts and Types of Fronts

L-14 : Temperate Cyclones (Extratropical cyclone)

L-15 : Jet Streams

L-16 : Koppen climate classification system

L-17 : Thornthwaite Climatic Classification

L-18 : Trewartha Climatic Classification

L-19 : Climatic Regions Of World

L-20 : Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis

Oceanography

L-1 : Ocean Relief Features

L-2 : Bottom Topography of Atlantic Ocean

L-3 : Bottom Topography of Pacific Ocean

L-4 : Bottom Topography of Indian Ocean

L-5 : Ocean Waves

L-6 : Tides

L-7 : Ocean Current

L-8 : Ocean Salinity

L-9 : Temperature Distribution of Oceans

L-10 : Oceanic Resources and Deposits

L-11 : El Nino And La Nina

L-12 : Coral Reefs & Coral Bleaching

L-13 : Theories of Origin of Coral Reefs

L-14 : Sea level Changes

L-15 : Oceans Issues and Threats

L-16 : Ocean Pollution (Marine Pollution)

L-17 : United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Biogeography

L-1 : Soil Genesis, Soil forming Processes & Factors

L-2 : Soil Properties – Physical, Chemical & Biological

L-3 : Soil Profile (Soil Horizons)

L-4 : Soil Classification & Distribution of Soil in World

L-5 : Soil Erosion, Degradation, and Conservation

L-6 : Problems of deforestation and conservation measures

L-7 : Social forestry and Agroforestry

L-8 : World distribution of Plants and Animals

L-9 : Factors Influencing Distribution of Plants & Animals

L 10 : Wildlife, Problems of Wildlife & Wildlife Conservation

L 11 : Major Gene Pool Centres

Environmental Geography

Guys, First of all, Read the Environment and Ecology articles of (Prelims+Mains), afterward read these articles, and also Do Value addition from Current Affairs.

L-1 : Fundamental Concepts and Principles of Ecology

L-2 : Biotic Regions (or) Biomes of the World

L-3 : Human Ecological Adaptations

L-4 : Influence of Man on Ecology and Environment

L-5 : Global and Regional Ecological changes and Imbalances

L-6 : Ecosystem Management and Conservation

L-7 : Environmental degradation

L-8 : Environmental Management

L-9 : Environmental Conservation

L-10 : Biodiversity and sustainable development

L-11 : Environmental Policy

L-12 : Environmental Legislations

L-13 : Environmental Education

L-14 : Environmental Hazards and remedial measures

Geography optional notes by LotusArise

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Geography Optional Complete Notes for UPSC Mains by LotusArise IAS