History Optional · Paper I · Medieval India
The Thirteenth Century Notes · PYQs · Solved Answers
Free notes, every previous year question and the solved answers for The Thirteenth Century (Paper I, Medieval India), arranged so you can read a topic and immediately see how UPSC has asked it. Syllabus: Ghurian invasions, foundation of the Delhi Sultanate, Iltutmish and Balban, consolidation, the Mongol threat.
10
Solved PYQs
1985–2017
Years covered
18
Questions listed
13
Free notes
On this page
Free notes Previous year questions Solved answers All History Optional units
Paper I · Unit 15
The Thirteenth Century notes
Topic-wise notes for this unit in syllabus order. Read a topic, then open its previous year questions below.
Free notes
-
Arab Invasion in India
-
Foundation of Delhi Sultanate: Rule of Balban
-
Foundation of Delhi Sultanate: Rule of Iltutmish
-
Government and Administration under the Delhi Sultanate
-
Islam and Its Arrival in India
-
Islam Religion – Rise of Islam
-
Mahmud of Ghazni (Mahmud Ghaznavi)
-
Mangols Invasion of India
-
Muhammad Ghori (Muhammad of Ghor)
-
Sources of Sultanate Period
-
The Ghurian Invasions – Factors behind Ghurian Success
-
The Khalji Revolution
-
The Mongol Threat to India during the Sultanate Period
Free practice
Previous year questions: The Thirteenth Century
Every question UPSC has asked from this unit, year-wise, with a link to its solved answer.
Topic-wise question list
Year-wise question papers
-
UPSC History Optional Question Paper 2026
-
UPSC History Optional Question Paper 2025
-
History Optional Question Paper: 2024
-
History Optional Question Paper: 2023
-
History Optional Question Paper: 2012
-
History Optional Question Paper: 2011
-
History Optional Question Paper: 2013
-
History Optional Question Paper: 2014
-
History Optional Question Paper: 2015
-
History Optional Question Paper: 2016
-
History Optional Question Paper: 2017
-
History Optional Question Paper: 2018
-
History Optional Question Paper: 2019
-
History Optional Question Paper: 2021
History PYQ Master Pack
Solved PYQ answers: The Thirteenth Century
Topic-wise model answers, newest exam year first. Members open the full answer; everyone else sees the question and can join the pack.
PYQ Solutions
-
Critically examine the “blood and iron” policy of Balban
-
What measures did Balban adopt to combat the Mongol menace
-
Analyze the steps taken by Razia Sultan to strengthen her position as an independent ruler despite the various obstacles
-
Assess the contribution of Iltutmish for the expansion and consolidation of the Delhi Sultanate
-
Write short essay on The “Corps of Forty” and its relations with the Sultan
-
Write brief essay on The “Corps of Forty” and its relations with the Sultans
-
“The inferior cavalry of the Rajputs was not the only cause of their defeat at the hands of Turko-Afghans and Mughals.” Comment.
-
Give an estimate of Ghiasuddin Balban
-
Comment in about 200 words: Balban’s theory of kingship
-
What were the problems Balban faced? How far did he succeed in solving them? Was he a trend-setter in his theory of kingship?
Premium content · how to get access
This page is part of the History Optional PYQ Master Pack.
Every model answer below opens with one enrolment. One-time payment, no subscription, access from the moment your payment is confirmed.
- 1,390+ topic-wise model answers (1985–2025), Paper I and Paper II
- Historiography, primary sources and map references built into each answer
- Access on phone, laptop or tablet
Full pack
₹1,499 ₹2,500 40% off
One-time payment · instant access · UPI, cards, RuPay
