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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Analyze the steps taken by Razia Sultan to strengthen her position as an independent ruler despite the various obstacles

  • UPSC 2013
  • The Thirteenth Century

Raziya's four-year reign (1236–40) is often reduced in popular memory to the fact of her gender, yet the more analytically useful question is what she actually did with a throne that Turkish tribal custom, the entrenched nobility, and orthodox religious opinion all considered illegitimate for her to hold. She met these obstacles with a coherent…

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What the full answer covers

  • The Obstacles She Inherited
  • Symbolic and Public Assertion of Sovereignty
  • Diplomacy Against the Rebel Coalition
  • Consolidating Power Through Appointments
  • The Limits of These Measures

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