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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Write short note: Robert Merton’s views on manifest and latent functions.

  • UPSC 2007, 2001
  • Sociological Thinkers

Robert K. Merton introduced the distinction in "Manifest and Latent Functions", the programmatic essay of Social Theory and Social Structure (1949; revised 1957). He built on his earlier paper "The Unanticipated Consequences of Purposive Social Action" (1936) and borrowed the paired terms from Sigmund Freud. The distinction was central to his effort to make functionalism…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • The concepts
  • Merton's classic illustrations
  • Why the distinction matters (Merton's four reasons)
  • Indian illustration
  • Criticisms
  • Conclusion

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