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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Write short note: Primary and reference groups.

  • UPSC 2003
  • Sociological Thinkers

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A primary group is defined by the quality of relationships within it; a reference group by the use an individual makes of a group for self-appraisal. The first concept comes from Charles Horton Cooley, the second from Herbert Hyman and Robert K. Merton. Together they show how the self is both nurtured and measured.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Primary groups
  • Reference groups
  • How the two relate
  • Indian illustration
  • Conclusion
Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions

Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions

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