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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Write short note on the following, keeping sociological perspective in view: Universalism vs. Particularism.

  • UPSC 2012
  • Sociological Thinkers

Universalism versus particularism is one of the five pattern variables that Talcott Parsons and Edward Shils set out in Toward a General Theory of Action (1951). It names a choice every actor faces in defining another person: judge them by general standards that apply to everyone, or by their special relationship to oneself, such as…

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  • The two orientations
  • Indian illustrations
  • Sociological assessment
  • Conclusion

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