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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Write short note: Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft types of communities.

  • UPSC 1999
  • Sociological Thinkers

The German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies, in Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (1887), set out two ideal types of social relationship. Gemeinschaft ("community") and Gesellschaft ("society" or "association") became the founding contrast in sociology's account of the passage from traditional to modern life.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Basis in human will
  • The two types compared
  • Durkheim's response
  • Indian illustration
  • Evaluation
  • Conclusion

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