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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Write short note: Functional problems of the social system.

  • UPSC 1999
  • Sociological Thinkers

Talcott Parsons held that any system of action, from a two-person group to a whole society, survives only if it solves four functional problems (also called functional prerequisites or imperatives): adaptation, goal attainment, integration and latency, remembered as AGIL.

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What the full answer covers

  • Origins in small-group research
  • Two axes, four problems
  • Illustration: a village dairy cooperative
  • Criticisms
  • Conclusion

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