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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Write short note : Bonded-labour.

  • UPSC 1991, 1987
  • 10 marks
  • Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India

Bonded labour is institutionalised servitude in which a debtor mortgages his own labour, or his family's, to a creditor-employer against a debt or the interest accruing on it. Its constitutive features are indebtedness and forced labour: the worker loses the freedom to choose an employer, to bargain over wages, and often to leave.

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What the full answer covers

  • Forms
  • Causes
  • Sociological interpretations
  • Abolition and its limits
  • Conclusion

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