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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

What are the definitional problems involved in identifying tribes in India? Discuss the main obstacles to tribal development in India.

  • UPSC 2024
  • Tribal Communities in India

The Constitution names Scheduled Tribes but never defines a tribe: Article 366(25) says only that STs are those notified under Article 342. India thus administers 10.43 crore people, 8.6% of the population, in 705 notified communities (Census 2011) through a category it has never conceptually fixed — and that unsettled definition shapes why tribal development…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • A borrowed concept that travels badly
  • Every diagnostic trait fails somewhere
  • An administrative category, contested politically
  • Obstacles to tribal development
  • Conclusion

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