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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Trace the growth of capitalism in Britain in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Why was France, as compared to Britain, late in developing the capitalist spirit and the institutional framework of capitalism?

  • UPSC 1985
  • Industrialization

Capitalism as a mature system needs more than merchants and markets — it needs secure property, mobile capital, and a state willing to serve commerce rather than devour it.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the History Optional PYQ Master Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • Agrarian Capitalism: Enclosure and the Rise of the Tenant Farmer
  • The Political Settlement: Property Secured Against the Crown
  • The Financial Revolution
  • Overseas Trade and the Mercantile Empire
  • Why France Lagged: The Weight of the Old Regime

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