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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

To what extent were the advances in scientific knowledge in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries a product of the needs of a changing society?

  • UPSC 1994
  • Industrialization

The Scientific Revolution associated with Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and Newton is often narrated as a story of pure intellectual genius, but its timing and direction owed a great deal to the practical demands of a rapidly changing European society.

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  • Navigation, Exploration, and Astronomy
  • Mining, Metallurgy, and Chemistry
  • Warfare, Ballistics, and Mechanics
  • The Rising Merchant Class and Practical Mathematics
  • The Merton Thesis: Puritanism and English Science
  • The Internalist Counter-Argument
  • …and 1 more sections, with a conclusion

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