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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

‘The Industrial Revolution put mobility in the place of stability.’ Comment.

  • UPSC 1990
  • Industrialization

The Industrial Revolution, unfolding in England roughly between 1740 and 1850, dismantled a settled, land-anchored agrarian order and replaced it with a world defined by movement — of people, capital, and social rank.

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What the full answer covers

  • Geographic Mobility: The Rural Exodus
  • Social and Economic Mobility
  • The Residue of Stability

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