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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

The Industrial Revolution “Changed England in character & culture.” Comment.

  • UPSC 1996
  • Industrialization

The Industrial Revolution reshaped not merely how England produced goods but how English people worked, lived, worshipped, and understood themselves — a transformation of character and culture as profound as its economic effects.

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What the full answer covers

  • From Village Rhythms to Factory Time
  • A New Physical and Social Landscape
  • The Making of a Bourgeois Culture
  • Working-Class Culture and Collective Identity
  • Intellectual and Artistic Reaction: Romanticism
  • Reform as a Cultural Response

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