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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

The impact of industrial revolution on the middle class world view is reflected in the views of Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus and Jeremy Bentham. Comment.

  • UPSC 2023
  • Industrialization

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The rise of an industrial and commercial middle class in late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth-century Britain found its intellectual voice in the writings of Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, and Jeremy Bentham, whose ideas together articulated a worldview of individualism, market self-regulation, and scepticism toward state intervention on behalf of the poor.

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What the full answer covers

  • Adam Smith: The Self-Interested Individual and the Invisible Hand
  • Thomas Malthus: Scarcity, Population, and the Limits of Charity
  • Jeremy Bentham: Utilitarianism and Administrative Reform
  • A Shared Middle-Class Worldview
  • The Contradictions Within the Worldview
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