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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

‘The history of the hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggle.’ Critically comment on this Marxian thesis.

  • UPSC 1991
  • Sociological Thinkers

The sentence opens The Communist Manifesto (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It compresses historical materialism into one claim: since private property arose, every society has been split into antagonistic classes, and their conflict, rather than ideas or great individuals, moves history.

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What the full answer covers

  • Interpreting the thesis
  • Support for the thesis
  • Critique
  • Evaluation
  • Conclusion

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