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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

‘Protestantism contributed substantially to the rise of capitalism.” Comment.

  • UPSC 1994
  • Industrialization

Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904–05) remains the starting point for any discussion of religion's role in capitalism's rise, though its claims have been substantially qualified since.

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What the full answer covers

  • Weber's Thesis: Predestination and Innerworldly Asceticism
  • Legitimizing Commercial Success
  • The Critiques: Tawney, Chronology, and Alternative Causation
  • A Contributing, Not Sufficient, Cause

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