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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

How do ‘Civil Society Organisations’ such as ‘NGOs’ and ‘Self-Help Groups’ contribute to grassroots-level social changes? Discuss.

  • UPSC 2025
  • Politics and Society

Civil society organisations (CSOs) work in the space between family, market and state. NGOs are usually professionally run bodies that work for a group of people. Self-help groups (SHGs) are small collectives of 10–20 women, owned by their members, who save, borrow and act together. Both work where the state reaches least, so their effects…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Dimensions of grassroots change
  • Perspectives and limits
  • Conclusion

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