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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

How did the English utilitarian thinking impact India in the British era?

  • UPSC 2021
  • Early Structure of the British Raj

Utilitarianism reached India as an offshoot of English liberal thought and became, from roughly the 1820s onward, the dominant intellectual framework of colonial governance.

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What the full answer covers

  • Legal reform: codification as the utilitarian project
  • Education: manufacturing "useful knowledge"
  • Land revenue: Ricardian rent theory and the Ryotwari settlement
  • Administrative centralisation under Bentinck — and the exclusion of Indians
  • Social intervention: the abolition of Sati and the limits of paternalism

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