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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

How can Parsons’ AGIL framework be used to analyse key problems in a society? Discuss.

  • UPSC 2018
  • Sociological Thinkers

Talcott Parsons, developing his model with Robert F. Bales and Neil Smelser (Economy and Society, 1956), argued that every social system must solve four functional problems to survive. These are Adaptation, Goal attainment, Integration and Latency (pattern maintenance). Used as a diagnostic tool, the scheme lets a social problem be read as a failure in…

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What the full answer covers

  • The framework as a diagnostic grid
  • Application 1: youth unemployment in India
  • Application 2: caste-based violence
  • Strengths of the approach
  • Limits
  • Conclusion

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