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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Explain Karl Marx’s ‘theory of social change’. What are the reactions of functionalists to his views?

  • UPSC 2006
  • Sociological Thinkers

Karl Marx's theory of social change is historical materialism in motion: societies change because the way they produce material life changes, and they change through contradiction and struggle rather than smooth evolution. Functionalists rejected almost every element of this explanation.

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What the full answer covers

  • Marx's theory
  • Functionalist reactions
  • Limits of the reaction
  • Conclusion

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