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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Examine the nature of social facts as understood by Durkheim.

  • UPSC 2001
  • Sociological Thinkers

Émile Durkheim built sociology's claim to be a science on the social fact, set out in The Rules of Sociological Method (1895). He defined it as a way of acting, thinking or feeling that is external to individuals, exercises constraint over them, and is general across a society while existing independently of its individual expressions.

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What the full answer covers

  • The claimed nature
  • What the concept achieves
  • Critical examination
  • Testing it in India
  • Conclusion

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