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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Discuss the problems of wildlife conservation and management in India.

  • UPSC 2019
  • Resources

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India maintains 1,014 protected areas over about 175,169 sq km, roughly 5.32 per cent of its land, comprising 106 national parks, 573 wildlife sanctuaries, conservation and community reserves, plus 58 tiger reserves over about 84,488 sq km, 33 elephant reserves over 80,777 sq km, 18 biosphere reserves and some 100 Ramsar sites.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • The scale of the effort
  • The problems
  • 1. A protected-area model designed for the wrong geography
  • 2. Human-wildlife conflict has become the binding political constraint
  • 3. The species-flagship model produces uneven outcomes
  • 4. Monitoring itself is contested
  • …and 3 more sections, with a conclusion
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