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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Discuss the challenges faced by the cooperative movements in India. Suggest measures to strengthen the movement at the grass-roots level.

  • UPSC 2023
  • 20 marks
  • Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India

India runs the world's largest cooperative network — about 8.4 lakh societies with roughly 32 crore members — yet the movement remains sociologically fragile. Cooperation was grafted onto an unequal agrarian order without altering it, so it reproduces the hierarchy it was meant to dissolve. Its problems are social, not technical, and its remedies must…

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What the full answer covers

  • Challenges facing the movement
  • Measures to strengthen the grass roots
  • Conclusion

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