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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Despite the efforts of the government, bonded labour still continues in India. Discuss.

  • UPSC 2024
  • 10 marks
  • Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India

Bondage is institutionalised servitude in which a person pledges his own or his family's labour against a debt, losing the freedom to choose an employer; its features are indebtedness and forced labour. India outlawed it early — Article 23 prohibits begar, and the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976 extinguished existing debts. Yet only 3,15,302…

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What the full answer covers

  • The record of state effort
  • Why it survives: the sociological account
  • Why enforcement under-performs
  • Conclusion

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