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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Critically explain the salient features of ‘alienation’ as propounded by Karl Marx.

  • UPSC 2024, 2020, 1994
  • Sociological Thinkers

Karl Marx took the idea of alienation (Entfremdung) from G. W. F. Hegel and Ludwig Feuerbach and grounded it in labour. In the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1844), alienation is an objective condition of capitalist production, not a mood: the worker's own activity becomes a power that dominates him.

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What the full answer covers

  • Salient features
  • Critical evaluation
  • Contemporary relevance
  • Conclusion

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