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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Critically examine various views regarding the Vedic-Harappan relationship in light of the latest discoveries.

  • UPSC 2017
  • Aryans and Vedic Period

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The question of how the urban, script-using Harappan civilization (c. 2600–1900 BCE) relates to the rural, orally-transmitted Vedic culture whose earliest layer is generally dated to c. 1500–1000 BCE has moved through three broad interpretive positions — identity, replacement by invasion, and migration-with-gradual-fusion — and the genetic and archaeological discoveries of the last decade have…

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What the full answer covers

  • Three Classical Positions
  • The Archaeological Case Against Both Identity and Invasion
  • What the Genetic Discoveries Have Added
  • Revised Chronology and New Finds
  • Reading the Historians Against the New Evidence
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