Unlock Elite Access: Level Up Your Preparation with Exclusive Content

Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Critically examine the relevance of Vilfredo Pareto’s theory of Circulation of Elites in the present scenario.

  • UPSC 2021
  • Politics and Society

Vilfredo Pareto (The Mind and Society, 1916) held that ruling minorities decay and are replaced, so that "history is a graveyard of aristocracies." Whether the theory is still relevant depends on whether elections and open recruitment have tamed that cycle or only disguised it.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • The theory at its strongest
  • Where it still explains events
  • Critique
  • Conclusion

Unlock this answer and 1,500+ more

  • 1,500+ solved UPSC Sociology PYQs from 1985 to 2026, Paper-1 and Paper-2
  • Topic-wise across all 25 syllabus units, newest exam year first
  • A full model answer for every question, shaped to 10 or 20 marks, with thinkers and Indian examples
  • Read online on lotusarise.com, plus PDF download

₹1,499₹2,50040% off

Get Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions @ ₹1,499 →

One-time payment · 12 months of access · Instant access · UPI, cards, RuPay

See every Politics and Society question (110 solved) →Already enrolled? Log in