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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Are pressure groups a threat to or a necessary element of democracy? Explain with suitable illustrations.

  • UPSC 2025
  • Politics and Society

A pressure group is an organised association that tries to influence public policy without seeking to govern. Pluralists treat such groups as the lifeblood of democracy; elite, Marxist and rational-choice critics treat them as channels of unequal influence. The Indian record bears out both views, so the real question is under what conditions they help…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Why they are necessary
  • Why they can be a threat
  • Weighing the two
  • Conclusion

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