Anthropology Optional · Paper II · Indian Anthropology
Demographic Profile of India Notes · PYQs
Free notes and every UPSC previous year question for Demographic Profile of India (Anthropology Optional Paper II, Unit 02), arranged by syllabus sub-topic so you can read a topic and immediately see how UPSC has asked it. Syllabus: Ethnic and linguistic elements in the Indian population and their distribution; factors influencing the structure and growth of India’s population.
2
Free notes
65
Questions listed
22
Asked since 2013
1981–2026
Years covered
On this page
Syllabus Free notes Previous year questions All Anthropology units
Official UPSC syllabus
Demographic Profile of India: syllabus
The syllabus text as UPSC notifies it for Paper II of Anthropology Optional. Every note and question on this page maps to these lines. Full Paper I and Paper II syllabus.
2 Demographic profile of India: Ethnic and linguistic elements in the Indian population and their distribution. Indian population—factors influencing its structure and growth.
Paper II · Unit 02
Demographic Profile of India notes
Topic-wise notes for this unit in syllabus order, written for UPSC Mains with diagrams, key terms and the previous year questions of each topic. Read a topic, then practise its questions below.
Free notes
Free practice
Previous year questions: Demographic Profile of India
All 65 questions UPSC has set from this unit between 1981 and 2026, grouped by syllabus sub-topic, newest first. Questions from 2013 onwards (the current pattern) are shown in full; earlier ones open on a tap.
How often UPSC asks each sub-topic
| Sub-topic | Questions | Since 2013 | Last asked |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic profile of India | 65 | 22 | 2026 |
Demographic profile of India
65 questions · 22 since 2013 · last asked 2026
Read the notes: Ethnic and Linguistic Elements of India · Indian Population Structure and Growth
Asked since 2013 · 22
2026Write notes on: Dravidian language family and its tribal speakers.2026Why the classifications of Indian populations, based on somatometric and somatoscopic characteristics failed to develop a common understanding of the population diversity?2025Delineate the major features of S. S. Sarkar’s classification of Indian populations. Was his classification better than Risley? Explain.2025Elucidate the role of demographic and social factors for population growth in India.2024What are the demographic challenges of India’s changing population dynamics in the next 50 years?2023Critically compare Risley’s and Sarkar’s approaches to the classification of peoples of India.2023Write notes on: Dravidian languages and their subgroups.2023Discuss the distribution of tribes in different geographical regions of India. Identify the distinct institutional features of tribal societies of these regions.2022Describe the methods adopted by Sir Herbert Hope Risley in classifying Indian populations. What are the criticisms against Risley’s classification?2022Write notes on: Safeguards for linguistic minorities in India.2022Write notes on: Austroasiatic languages.2021Delineate the factors influencing fertility in Indian population.2020Write short note on the Dravidian languages in about 150 words.2019Write a note in 150 words on Distribution of Tibeto-Burman group of languages in India.2018Write a note in 150 words on Endangered languages.2018What are the various factors influencing population growth in India? Discuss.2017Write a note in 150 words on Austro-asiatic linguistic groups in India.2017Give your assessment of the reasons for the imbalance in the sex-ratio in India.2016Write a note in 150 words on Linguistic elements in Indian population.2015Briefly describe the classical models of ethnic and linguistic classification ofIndian population. Discuss its relevance today.2014Write a note in 150 words on Major linguistic divisions of India.2014Outline the distribution of Dravidian languages in India and describe their cultural significance.
Show 43 earlier questions (before 2013)
1981–2012 · 43 questions
2012Briefly comment on the linkage between: (i) Gender and Customary Law (ii) Gender and Caste ….2011Describe the linguistic elements in Indian population.2010Discuss the relevance of Guha’s racial classification in the context of India’s ethnic groups.2010Critically examine the factors responsible for the high population growth in India and suggest suitable measures for population control.2008Write a note on The distribution of Indo:-Aryan Languages.2008Write a note on Mediterranean Element in Indian Population.2008Is Risley’s Racial Classification of Indian Population valid ?2007Describe ethnic elements in the Indian population focussing either on Risley’s or Guha’s classification.2006Write in brief ‘Population Growth in India indicating causes and measures of its control’2006Write a note on Linguistic distribution of Indian Population.2004Write a note on Demographic transition in India.2004Bring out the interrelationship between population growth and development in the Indian context.2002Write a note on Age specific and sex specific mortality rates and dependent factor.2000Write a note on Negrito elements in India.1999Point out the salient features of traditional joint family system in India. Trace causes for its disintegration in recent decades.1997Critically evaluate the Indian Population Policies. Suggest appropriate measures for its improvement.1996Write a note on Child mortality in rural India.1996Discuss the major linguistic divisions in the Indian population. Also point out the role of language in ethno-political movements.1995Write a note on Social implication of sex-ratio in Indian population.1993Write a note on Caste bound occupations vis-a-vis urban populations.1993What are the major linguistic families in India ? Identify such families, showing the geographical distribution and the population groups under different families.1992Write a note on Joint family system ‘in india.1992Write a note on Controversy over the existence on Negrito racial strain in Indian population.1991Write a note on Critical approach of Guha’s classification of ethnic elements in Indian population.1990Write a note on Distribution of Dravidian family of languages in India.1989Write a note on : Guha’s classification on the ethnic composition of the people of India is not adequate. Comment.1989Write a note on Distribution of Austric family of languages in India.1989Write a note on Structure and function of Joint family.1988Write a note on racial elements among the Scheduled Tribes of India.1987Write a note on Nayar Tharavad and universality of the family.1987Write a note on Social elements in indian population.1987Write a note on Social elements in Indian population.1986Write a note on Joint family in modern India.1985Write a note on Monogoloid racial element in Indian population.1984Write a note in 200 words : Linguistic diversity in india.1983Give an account of the distribution of blood group among Indian population. Is there a correlation between the distribution of blood groups and physical types ?1983Write a note in 200 words : Economic aspects of joint family.1983Write a note in 200 words: Polyandrous family.1982Write a note on (200 words) : Matrilineal cultures in India.1982Discuss some of the important_attempts to classify the racial elements in Indian population.1981Write a note on Distribution of Dravidian linguistic elements among Indian people. (200 words).1981Write a note on Controversy over the existence of Negrito racial strain in Indian population. (200 words).1981Distribution of polyandry in India. (200 words).
Year-wise question papers
All question papers Topic-wise PYQ bank (both papers) 2026 paper 2025 paper 2024 paper 2023 paper
Previous · Paper II · Unit 01
Evolution of Indian Culture and Civilization
Prehistoric and protohistoric India; Indus civilization; tribal contributions; Siwalik and Narmada evidence; ethno-archaeology in India.
Next · Paper II · Unit 03
Indian Social System and Caste
Varnashrama, purushartha, karma, rina and rebirth; caste structure and theories of origin; dominant caste, mobility, jajmani; sacred complex; impact of other religions.
Anthropology Optional
All 21 units and resources
Paper I and Paper II units, notes index, topic-wise PYQ bank, strategy, booklist and success rate.
Notes index · PYQ bank · Strategy · Booklist
