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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

“Poverty breeds poverty in rural India.” Evaluate Integrated Rural Development Programme in the light of this statement.

  • UPSC 1994
  • Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India

The statement is the vicious-circle thesis: poverty is self-reproducing, each deprivation generating the next. The Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was India's most ambitious attempt to snap that circle by injecting a productive asset at its weakest point. Judged against the thesis, it loosened the circle for some households but left the structure that spins…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • The statement interpreted
  • IRDP as an answer
  • Did it break the circle?
  • Conclusion

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