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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Critically examine the role of petroleum energy resources on International Geopolitics with special reference to India.

  • UPSC 2023
  • Resources

Petroleum is held to be the master variable of modern geopolitics because it is geographically concentrated, strategically indispensable and transported through narrow chokepoints.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • The orthodox position
  • The Indian case as evidence for the orthodoxy
  • The critical examination
  • 1. Oil confers less leverage on producers than the orthodoxy assumes
  • 2. India's dependence has produced leverage, not only vulnerability
  • 3. The theory misreads the direction of dependence
  • …and 2 more sections, with a conclusion

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