Tribal areas, Tribal policies, Plans, Programmes: Anthropology Optional PYQs

9.1 History of administration of tribal areas, tribal policies, plans, programmes of tribal development and their implementation. The concept of PTGs (Primitive Tribal Groups), their distribution, special programmes for their development. Role of N.G.O.s in tribal development.

1. How are cultural factors important in planning and executing development programmes among simple communities ?(1982)
2. Write a note in 200 words : History of tribal administration in India. (1984)
3. What are the various policies that have been suggested for bringing the tribals  into the mainstream of national life ?  In the interest of the tribals, which of these policies do you consider suitable ? (1985)
4. Critically evaluate various approaches to set the tribals within the mainstream of Indian civilization. In your opmion which approach is relevant in the modern context ? (1995)
5. Write a note on Role of NGOs in literacy programme. (1996) 
6. Write a note on Plans and Programmes of Tribal development. (1997)
7. Write a note on Tribal Sub-Plan. (1999) 
8. Write a note on Tribal education in the context of development. (2000)
9. Mention various developmental programmes implemented for the socio-economic well-being of Scheduled Castes. Do these programmes fulfil their aspiration ? Discuss. (2001)
10. Write a note on the role of N.G.O.s for tribal development (2002)
11. What do you understand by the integrated tribal and rural development programmes? How would you evaluate the success or failure of these programmes ? (2002)
12. Write a note on Implications of recent Presidential orders relating to Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes (2003)
13. Write a note on Sustainable Development of Tribes (2004) 
14. Write a note on Tribal sub-plan, (2005) 
15. Write a note on Role of NGO’s in Development. (2007)
16. What are the special problems of the Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) ? How far have the developmental programmes of the Government been able to address these? (2008)
17. Write a note on NGOs and tribal development. (2009)
18. Using suitable examples, bring out the historical processes of the social exclusion of denotified tribes. (2012)
19. Write a note in 150 words on Participatory Rural Appraisal (2012)
20. Write a note in 150 words on The concept of PTG. (2014) 
21. Critically evaluate the National Tribal Policy. (2014)
22. Critically examine the role of NGOs in promoting health and education in tribal areas.(2014)
23. Recently non-government organizations have been critiqued for interfering with developmental process in tribal heartland ! Critically comment. (2015)
24. Critically examine the role of NGOs and missionaries in transformation of scheduled tribes in Central India (2016)
25. Write a note in 150 words on Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (earlier known as PTG). (2017)
26. Discuss the emergence, salient features and limitations of Tribal sub-plan. (2017) 
27. Identify some special programmes for particularly vulnerable Tribal Groups (erstwhile PTGs). (2019)
28. Critically discuss the role of NGOs in tribal development. (2019)
29. Discuss the effect of job reservation in alleviating unemployment among the tribal people of India. (2020)
30. Discuss the interventions made by the Non-Governmental Organizations for empowering tribal women. (2021)
31. Discuss the views of G. S. Ghurye and Verrier Elwin on the approach towards tribal populations. What are the policies of the Government of India towards Indian tribal populations? (2022)
32. Elucidate the problems faced by Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups and the major challenges in the formulation of special programmes for their development. (2023)
33. Elucidate the shifting terrains of India’s tribal policies in colonial and post-colonial periods. (2023)
34. Critically discuss the recent welfare measures initiated by the Government for the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). Comment why PVTGs were erroneously called Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs). (2024)
35. What are the identifying criteria for PVTGs in India? Examine their current status, nomenclature and distribution. (2025)
36. Discuss the role of NGOs in the socioeconomic and political development of weaker sections and the manner in which they facilitate other stakeholders. (2025)

9.2 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural development.

1. How does applied anthropology help to solve some of the different problems confronting Administrators in tribalareas ?(1981)
2. Write a note in 200 words : Role of anthropology in tribal development. (1984)
3. Discuss the role of Anthropology to planning and executing developmental programmes among the tribal communities. (1985)
4. Write a note on Anthropological approach to tribal development (1987)
5. Write a note on Role of anthropology in tribal development (1992)
6. Write a note on Role of Anthropology in tribal development (1994)
7. Write a note on Role of Anthropologists as an Administrator (1997)
8. Anthropologists are better equipped to play an effective role in rural and tribal development. Discuss.(2004)
9. Write a note on Role of anthropologists in rural development (2005)
10. Describe the role of anthropologists in Tribal Development. (2006) 
11. Discuss the significance of cultural and administrative factors in tribal development. (2013)
12. Discuss the criticism levelled against anthropology in the context of ‘Isolation, and assimilations debate’ on tribal populations. (2013)
13. Critically assess the role of anthropologists in rural development (2014)
14.  Examine in detail the role of anthropology in planning for tribal development. (2015)
15. Describe how anthropological knowledge and methods are useful in rural development (2016)
16. Examine the strengths and weaknesses of anthropology in the context of its role in tribal and rural development. (2018)
17. Briefly describe the anthropological perspective on development. How have anthropologists contributed in India’s rural development? (2022)
18. Elucidate the role of anthropology in nation-building. Illustrate with suitable examples. (2023)
19. What are the ethical concerns in biological and socio-cultural anthropology because of recent advances in AI and genetic research? (2024)
20. Identify the contemporary limitations in the process of tribal development. How can anthropological knowledge contribute in this process? (2025)

9.3 Contributions of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism, and ethnic and political movements.

1. To what extent, ethnicity is responsible for the tribal movements in India? Elaborate with suitable examples. (1995)
2. In what ways has anthropology contributed to the understanding of ethnic & political movements in India? (2009)
3. Using examples, comment on how anthropology can be utilized in policy making. (2012)
4. Write a note in 150 words on Anthropological interpretation of ethnic and political movements (2016)
5. Discuss the contribution of anthropology in understanding the loss of livelihood of tribal communities due to economic and ecological factors. (2017)
6. Write a note in 150 words on Anthropological understanding of communalism. (2019)
7. Discuss the regionalism and demand for autonomy India from Anthropological perspective with respect to Kashmir/ Nagaland/ Bodoland/ Gorkhaland agitation. (2020)
8. Elucidate the resurgence of ethno-nationalism from an anthropological lens. (2024)
9. Critically examine existing paradigms of holistic health for the marginalized sections of society drawing inferences from COVID-19 pandemic. (2024)
10. Discuss the rising ethnic conflicts in India and propose their possible remedial measures. (2025)
11. Critically evaluate the concept of Nation-State and describe its impact on indigenous societies. (2025)