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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Write short note: Vertical and horizontal mobility.

  • UPSC 1998
  • Stratification and Mobility

Pitirim Sorokin (Social Mobility, 1927) set out two axes of movement in "social space". Horizontal mobility is a move from one group or position to another at the same level. Vertical mobility is a move between levels. Put simply, horizontal mobility changes where a person stands, while vertical mobility changes how high.

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What the full answer covers

  • Criteria-wise contrast
  • How the two interact
  • Significance
  • Conclusion

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