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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Write short note: Social basis of trade unions.

  • UPSC 1995
  • Industrialization and Urbanisation in India

Indian trade unions were never built on workplace identity alone. They grew on an existing social foundation — caste, kinship, native place, language and religion — and under leadership from outside the workforce. That foundation explains both how Indian workers organised and why class solidarity was repeatedly cut across.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Recruitment through primordial ties
  • Outside leadership and party affiliation
  • Multiplicity, rivalry and what workers strike about
  • Conclusion

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