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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Write short note on the following with a sociological perspective : Challenges to institution of marriage.

  • UPSC 2012
  • Systems of Kinship in India

The functionalist account — George Peter Murdock (Social Structure, 1949), Talcott Parsons (1955) — treats marriage as universal and functionally necessary. Challenges to it are of two kinds: internal, where marriage fails at what it claims, and external, where other arrangements do its work without its form. India shows both, without collapse.

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