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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Write short note on the following in not more than 150 words. Your answer should have a sociological perspective : Structural factors behind violence against women.

  • UPSC 2011
  • Challenges of Social Transformation

Johan Galtung ("Violence, Peace, and Peace Research", 1969) distinguished direct violence from structural violence — harm built into social arrangements with no identifiable perpetrator. Violence against women is not the aggregate of deviant men; it is the visible output of structures that already allocate property, mobility and authority unequally.

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What the full answer covers

  • Patriarchy as a structure, not an attitude
  • Kinship and residence
  • Property and the dowry economy
  • Caste and the regulation of sexuality
  • Economic dependence and institutional impunity
  • Conclusion

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