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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Write short note on Reliability and Validity, keeping sociological perspective in view.

  • UPSC 2011
  • Research Methods and Analysis

Reliability is the consistency of a measure — the degree to which an instrument produces the same result on repeated application under the same conditions; it is, in essence, the absence of random error.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Reliability: The Absence of Random Error
  • Validity: The Absence of Systematic Error
  • Reliability Is Necessary but Not Sufficient for Validity
  • The Reliability-Validity Trade-off in Practice
  • The Sociological Complication: Reflexive Subjects and the Double Hermeneutic

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