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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Write short note on Fertility and population growth.

  • UPSC 2009
  • Population Dynamics

Fertility is actual reproductive performance, distinct from fecundity, the capacity to bear children; population growth is the residue of births, deaths and net migration. The relation between them is not the simple one the phrase suggests: fertility drives growth, but with a lag long enough to outlive the fertility decline itself.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Measuring fertility
  • Why sub-replacement fertility does not stop growth
  • What determines fertility
  • India's decline and its geography
  • Conclusion

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