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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Write short note on Emergence of middle class in India.

  • UPSC 2009
  • Social Classes in India

In Western Europe the middle class was thrown up by industrial and commercial expansion. India reversed that sequence. Its middle class was a by-product of colonial governance, and that inverted origin shaped its composition, occupations and politics.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • The colonial rupture
  • The core thesis: a class born of the state, not of industry
  • Composition
  • From social reform to nationalism
  • Expansion after 1947
  • Conclusion

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