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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Write note on the emergence of National Settlement System in colonial India and discuss the factors contributing to urbanization in post-independence period.

  • UPSC 2013
  • Settlements

Before the eighteenth century the subcontinent carried regionally self-contained urban systems, each closed around its own hinterland — inland imperial capitals (Delhi, Agra, Bijapur), temple towns (Madurai, Puri), craft-manufacturing centres (Dacca muslin, Murshidabad silk) and caravan marts on the overland routes.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • The Pre-Colonial Base: Several Systems, Not One
  • The Colonial Restructuring into a Single National System
  • The Product: Primacy Rather Than Integration
  • Drivers of Urbanisation After 1951
  • Judgement: A System Measured by an Obsolete Definition

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