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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Write brief essay on the system of the collection of Chauth and Sardeshmukhi by the Maratha rulers.

  • UPSC 2004
  • The Eighteenth Century

Beyond simply defining Chauth and Sardeshmukhi, the eighteenth century saw the Maratha state develop an increasingly elaborate — if never fully centralised — machinery for collecting these levies across an expanding and geographically discontinuous zone of influence.

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What the full answer covers

  • Collection Under Shivaji: A Supervised System
  • Collection Under the Peshwas: Delegation and the Saranjam System
  • Consequences of the Collection System

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