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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Write brief essay on Al-Biruni’s India.

  • UPSC 1998
  • Cultural Traditions in India, 750-1200

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Abu Rayhan Al-Biruni (973-1048), a Khwarezmian polymath who spent much of his career at the Ghaznavid court, produced in the Kitab al-Hind (also known as Tahqiq ma li'l-Hind, roughly 1030 CE) the most methodologically self-conscious account of Indian civilization written by any medieval outsider. What distinguishes "Al-Biruni's India" from other Perso-Arabic travel or conquest narratives…

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What the full answer covers

  • The Man and the Occasion of the Work
  • Method: What Makes the Kitab al-Hind Distinctive
  • The Scope of "India" as Al-Biruni Presents It
  • Assessing Al-Biruni's India
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