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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Write an analytical note on slums in cities.

  • UPSC 2013
  • 15 marks
  • Industrialization and Urbanisation in India

Analysing Indian slums means first conceding that the object is unstable. Census 2011 counted 65.5 million slum residents; the NSS 69th round (2012) counted 33,510 slums and 8.8 million households; Amitabh Kundu argues both understate deprivation. The task is to separate definition, typology, causes and rival theoretical readings, which most treatments run together.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Definition and measurement: the problem is prior to the phenomenon
  • A typology of Indian slums
  • Causes, disaggregated
  • Three competing readings
  • Conclusion

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