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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Write a note on geopolitics of the Indian Ocean realm.

  • UPSC 2013
  • Political Aspects

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The realm is larger than the ocean — roughly 73.4 million sq km of water, third largest after the Pacific and the Atlantic, ringed by more than forty states — littoral states, landlocked hinterland states whose trade must cross it, and island countries whose entire strategic existence is the ocean. Geopolitics is simply the building…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • Reading the realm through classical theory
  • Halford John Mackinder — the ocean as moat
  • Nicholas John Spykman — the ocean as the decisive rim
  • Kavalam Madhava Panikkar — the ocean as Indian security
  • From bipolar sea to multipolar realm
  • Verdict
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