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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Write a critique on the partition of Africa from 1870 to 1914, with particular reference to Germany’s imperial designs in the Continent.

  • UPSC 1989
  • Imperialism and Colonialism

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The Scramble for Africa (1870–1914), which took the continent from roughly 10 percent to 90 percent under European control, cannot be understood without Germany's improbable and ultimately self-defeating role in it.

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What the full answer covers

  • Bismarck's Reluctant Reversal, 1871–1884
  • Berlin as Host, Not Neutral Broker
  • The Character of German Colonial Rule
  • From Bismarckian Caution to Wilhelmine Overreach
  • A Critical Assessment
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