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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

“Work in capitalism is reduced to mere labour in which the individual does not develop freely his physical and mental energy and mortifies his body and ruins his mind.” Critically evaluate the assertion.

  • UPSC 2010
  • Works and Economic Life

The statement paraphrases Karl Marx's essay on estranged labour in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1844). It contrasts work, free creative activity expressing human nature, with labour, activity sold to another and endured only as a means to live. The claim is strong: capitalism damages body and mind as such.

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What the full answer covers

  • The case for the assertion
  • Critical evaluation
  • Conclusion

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