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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

With the proclamation in Nanking of a Chinese Republic with Sun-Yat-Sen as the President in 1911, “the old China wilted rapidly.” Comment.

  • UPSC 1999
  • Revolution and Counter-Revolution

The Xinhai Revolution of 1911 ended two millennia of imperial rule almost overnight, yet the speed of the Qing dynasty's fall reveals how hollow the old order had already become rather than how strong the new republic was.

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What the full answer covers

  • Why the Old China Wilted So Fast
  • The Fragility Beneath the Republican Proclamation
  • What "Wilting" Actually Meant in Practice

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