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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Why is radicalism seen as major a paradigm shift in geography? Explain its causes, approaches, and criticism.

  • UPSC 2021
  • Perspectives in Human Geography

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Radical geography is the thought that emerged in Anglo-American geography from the late 1960s treating space not as a neutral container but as a social product — created by, and actively reproducing, relations of class, race, gender and imperial power.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • Why It Counts as a Paradigm Shift: Applying the Kuhnian Test
  • Causes: The Crisis That Made the Old Paradigm Untenable
  • External — the societal and political conjuncture
  • Internal — the exhaustion of spatial science
  • Approaches Within Radicalism: A Spectrum, Not a Single Doctrine
  • Criticism: Where the Radical Paradigm Fell Short
  • …and 1 more sections, with a conclusion
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