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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Why is oil important for energy security? What is the role of oil in the clean energy transition?

  • UPSC 2025
  • Economic Geography

Energy security rests on four dimensions — availability, accessibility, affordability and acceptability; Daniel Yergin frames it as adequate supply at reasonable prices, secured through diversification.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • Physical Properties: Why No Fuel Yet Substitutes for Oil
  • Strategic Weight and Chokepoint Vulnerability
  • The Incumbent Under Displacement: Peak Demand, Not Peak Supply
  • Oil as Financier and Material Enabler of the Transition
  • Transition Risk and the New Minerals Map

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